Heidi Van Christopher J. Petit, Oliver M. Barry
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital
United States
Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Ann 2026;
DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2026.02.007
Abstract
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare and aggressive condition in infants and children, characterized by progressive neointimal proliferation, multivessel involvement, and high early mortality. Despite historically poor outcomes, a growing body of evidence supports the use of catheter-based interventions as a cornerstone of modern multimodal treatment strategies. Balloon angioplasty, and bare-metal or drug-eluting stents are used to restore vessel patency, often as part of serial procedures. However, recurrent stenosis remains common, necessitating frequent reintervention. Reintervention is associated with improved survival, particularly when paired with early diagnosis, aggressive surveillance, and systemic medical therapies. When transcatheter interventions are applied as part of a multidisciplinary approach, they contribute to meaningful improvements in survival and quality of life. Ongoing innovation in device technology and biologic modulation will be critical in further advancing outcomes for this high-risk population.
Category
Catheter-mediated Interventions: Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Care
Year of Publication: 2026
Age Focus: Pediatric
Article Type: Review
Article Access: Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: No