Keira Nassetta Conor P. O’Halloran, Emily Hoyt, Matthew Cornicelli, Nicolas Porta, Jeremy Fox, Alan W. Nugent, Paul Tannous, Amanda Hauck
Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago.
United States
Journal of Perinatology
J Perinatol 2026;
DOI: 10.1038/s41372-026-02611-2
Abstract
Background/objectives: We describe the outcomes of pulmonary vein stenosis treatment in a cohort of premature infants using an assertive percutaneous management strategy with echocardiography as the primary method of surveillance.
Subjects/methods: This retrospective study included fifteen premature infants (median 24 weeks gestational age) that underwent pulmonary vein intervention from 2018-2023. The primary outcome was patient survival rate, and the secondary outcome was pulmonary vein preservation rate.
Results: The estimated patient survival was 100% and 89% at 1 and 2 years after diagnosis. The pulmonary vein preservation rate was 88% and 83% at 1 and 2 years. Patients received a median of 4 echocardiograms between each cardiac catheterization and an average of 1 CT scan for every 1.5 years of observation.
Conclusions: Pulmonary vein stenosis can be successfully managed with a percutaneous approach to pulmonary vein rehabilitation using echocardiography for surveillance, even in extremely premature infants.
Category
Stenosis or Obstruction of Normal Pulmonary Venous Connections
Diagnostic Testing. Noninvasive
Medical Therapy to Prevent Progression of Disease. Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Medical Therapy to Prevent Recurrence of Disease after an Intervention. Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Medical Therapy for Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Pulmonary Venous Obstruction. Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Catheter-mediated Interventions: Efficacy or Lack of Efficacy
Multidisciplinary, Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Care
Year of Publication: 2026
Age Focus: Pediatric
Article Type: Retrospective Observational Cohort Studies (>10 patients)
Article Access: Free PDF File or Full Text Article Available Through PubMed or DOI: Yes